Research & Economic Analysis

The 2022 Input-Output (I-O) Model describes the inter-industry linkages that define Hawaiʻi’s productive structure. It shows how the output of one industry becomes an input for others—demonstrating the economy’s interdependence, where each column represents the inputs an industry purchases and each row the distribution of its outputs across other industries. The model is used to estimate labor, earnings, taxation, and production impacts arising from changes in spending behavior and policy by domestic households, foreign sectors, and government entities. The I-O model and its multipliers are available for download in Excel format. The detailed version includes 62 industries, while the condensed version aggregates them into 20 industries. A comprehensive description of the model framework and industry composition is provided in the accompanying 2022 Benchmark Report (PDF).